Kratom and the Opioid Epidemic
As the opioid epidemic continues to rage on as potent drugs like fentanyl take the streets by storm, both government officials and those in recovery are searching for an answer, or alternative. For some, this comes in the form of Kratom, a plant originating from Southeast Asia with opioid-like effects . Let’s break down the science behind Kratom’s effects, and whether the new market entrant is really safe to use.
Kratom: Friend or Foe?
For centuries, laborers in Southeast Asia have chewed Kratom leaves to top off their energy reserves and keep them alert, even after long and hot days in fields. On occasion, some used Kratom as a substitute for opium whenever unavailable, since the leaves impart an opioid-like effect on the user in larger doses.
Another traditional use of Kratom is for medical purposes, primarily mild pain relief and treatment of opioid withdrawal. In higher doses, Kratom can produce a sedative-like effect, temporarily dulling the sensation of pain or discomfort. It produces this sedating effect because it acts on opioid receptors, and as a result, has been claimed to also provide temporary relief from symptoms of opioid withdrawal.
Many of these benefits are anecdotal, and lack much scientific backing. Kratom can be addictive and dangerous, in any quantity.
The Science Linking Kratom and Opioids
Many turn to Kratom for its opioid-like effects. Why? Kratom’s two psychoactive alkaloids, which are the chemicals that cause its effects, interact with the opioid receptors in our brains. Specifically, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine are mu-opioid receptor agonists.
An agonist is a substance that, when combined or bonded with a receptor, produces some kind of physiological response. In this instance, when these alkaloids combine with the opioid receptors, they induce an opioid-like response, which is sensations of calmness, relaxation, and sometimes disorientation and nausea. These effects begin within 10 minutes of ingestion, and can last for up to 5 hours.
Because these chemicals act on opioid receptors, like with that class of drug, it is possible to take too much and experience an overdose.
Potential Risks of Using Kratom
Using Kratom comes with some significant mental and physical health risks:
Mental
Kratom Use Disorder – addiction and dependence
Psychological distress, and in extreme cases, psychosis
Irritation, increased general apathy, and lack of motivation
Anger, nervousness, and feelings of restlessness
Hallucinations
Physical
Increased blood pressure and pulse rate
Weight loss (anorexia), nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal injury
Liver toxicity, electrolyte imbalance, and kidney damage and dysfunction
Dry mouth and chronic constipation
Safer, Effective Alternatives
Kratom is addictive, and harmful to your health. For those already suffering from substance abuse disorder – especially to an opioid – Kratom poses even greater risk of addiction and polyintoxication (use of many different substances). If you or a loved one suffers from substance abuse, or Kratom addiction, it’s never too late to get help.
Certain treatment plans, like inpatient addiction treatment, can help you recover for good. They employ tools like Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT), which can alleviate withdrawal symptoms while in detox. They can also provide you with important resources, like support groups, which can prove to be valuable support systems in recovery.